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N. B; GINOOHIO. MAGNETO ELECTRIC GENERATOR.

No. 400,327.. Patented Mar. 26, 1889..

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NOEL B. GINOOHIO, OF NEIV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO ELIAS M. GREENE, OF SAME PLACE.

MAGNETO-ELECTRIC GENERATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 400,327, dated March 26, 1889.

Application filed November 16, 1888. Serial No. 290,994. (No model.)

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NOEL B. GINOCHIO, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Magneto-Electric Generators, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

My invention relates to magneto-machines, especially to that class which are adapted to be operated by hand to produce a comparatively weak current for the purpose of operating signal-bells and the like, and it has for its object to produce a simple, cheap, and effective apparatus; and to these ends my invention consists in a device constructed and operated substantially as hereinafter set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents one embodiment of my invention. Fig. 2 represents another embodiment. Fig. 3 is an enlarged view showing a section of the preferred form of magnet.

One of the essential features of such a machine is to produce a permanent magnet which shall not only be exceedingly strong in comparison to its size, but which shall also be capable of retaining its magnetism to its fullest extent for the longest period.

It has been common in this class of machines to use bent bars, generally in horseshoe or similar form, and while these have many advantages, and while they will retain their magnetism for a considerable length of time, I have produced a magnet which is superior in many respects, and especially in regard to strength and duration of its magnetic condition.

I form the magnet of a series of strands of steel wire or rope, each strand being preferably made up of a number of smaller wires or threads of hardened steel, and the whole suitably twisted together in the ordinary way to make a rope or cable, and when one such rope is not sufficient a number of them can be bent to make a magnet of any desired size and strength. In this way the magnet is made up of a large number of independent magnets, as each wire of each strand is a permanent magnet in itself, and as they are closely bound together and twisted, so that each and every strand comes into magnetic contact with each and every other strand, there is a perfect magnetic contact throughout, and at the same time each magnet retains its individuality to a certain extent. Thus, in the drawings, the magnet A of the machine is shown as consisting of a wire rope or cable bent into substantially horseshoe form. Each one of the main layers or strands of the cable A is made up of a number of independent strips or threads of hardened steel, and these are so interwoven and twisted that each one comes in magnetic contact with each of the other wires or threads of each strand. The ends of the rope are secured, preferably, to steel extensions B, which form the poles of the magnet, and while these may be of any shape, I have indicated them as being in the usual crescent shape and as connected to the cable by either passing the end through a loop, b, as shown in Fig. 2, or by fitting the cable into a socket cast in the extension, as shown at b, Fig. 1.

Between the polar extensions is fitted a suitable armature, O, mounted upon a shaft, c, which is supported in suitable bearings of non-magnetic material. Attached to the magnet mounted upon the armature is a suitable pinion, E, which is arranged to be driven by other multiple pinions, also supported by the field-magnets. In Fig. 1 I have shown two multiple gears, F G, and mounted on the shaft 9 of the pinion G is an arm, H, which is preferably bifurcated or forked, so as to extend on both sides thereof to insure accuracy of engagement, and which is provided with a pawl, I, normally pressed by a suitable spring in contact with the teeth of the drivinggear. This arrangement is useful, especially when the machine is used. to operate call or signal bells, as indicated in Fig. 1, in which case the lever H is connected by suitable wires to the operatinghandle J, which will cause the wheels to be rotated to produce the current to operate the signaling device; and in order to restore the parts to their normal condition the arm I-I may be weighted or otherwise provided with restoring means In Fig. 2 I have shown a slightly-different means for operating the armature, and which Ice is preferable in many instances. In this case the pinion E is mounted on the armatureshaft 0, as before, and gearing with the same is a larger driving-pinion, K. Mounted on the shaft is of this pinion is a drum or barrel, L, preferably having sprockets adapted to engage with the sprocket-chain M, passing over a portion of its periphery. This chain is connected to a suitable operating device at one end, and the other end is attached to a spring, N, which operates to restore it to its normal position. If this barrel-wheel is fixedly connected to the driving-wheel, under these conditions it is evident that it would rotate the armature in different direct-ions when the door-pull or other operating device is operated, and as this is objectionable in many instances I find it sometimes preferable to connect the drum with the driving-gear by a pawl-and-ratchet device, as indicated at 0, so that the armature will be operated only when the sprocket-wheel is moved in one direction, and the pawl will slip over the ratchet when it is moved in the opposite direction.

In this class of machines it is desirable that they should operate with as little noise and friction as possible, and it is further desirable to have only certain parts of magnetic material. IVith this end in view I construct the gear-wheels and other operating parts of buf-' falo-hide, which I find by experience can be formed into suitable gears that will last a long time and operate with almost absolute freedom from noise and friction, and being non-magnetic and a non-conductor it can. interfere in no way with the magnetic or electric condition of the machine.

While I have thus described what I consider the most practical embodiment of my invention, it is evident that the details of construction and arrangement thereof may be varied without departing from the essential features of my invention, and that While I have referred to the device particularly as a signal-producing device it can be used for many and various other purposes, the strong and lasting characteristics of the magnet used rendering it specially adapted for small generators.

lVhat I claim is- 1. A permanent magnet consisting of a number of strands twisted together, each strand consisting of a series of independent steel wires, substantially as described.

2. A magneto-generator in which the permanent magnets are made up of a cable or rope composed of a series of strands of steel wires twisted together, polar extensions c011- nected to said wires, an armature rotatingbetween the poles, and driving-gear for said armature supported upon the magnet, substantially as described.

3. A hand-operated magneto-machine consisting, essentially, of a permanent magnet in the form of a cable made up of a number of strands of steel threads twisted together, polar extensions connected to said magnet, an armature rotating between said extensions, driving-gear mounted on said magnet, a drum connected to said gear, and a springretracted chain for operating said drum, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

NOEL B. GINOOHIO.

I\"it-11esses:-

J. P. CAMPBELL, HENRY SCHULTZ. 

